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Illustration of Hortlak
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Hortlak

També anomenat: hortdan, xortdan, cadı, obur
Folklore i miteMort viuDe 1500 a 1899

Hortlak is the everyday Turkish word for a dead person who climbs back out of the grave. Ottoman judges and muftis were asked to rule on such cases from at least the 16th century and authorised staking or burning the bodies, much as Christian authorities did in the Balkans. Related figures appear among the Azerbaijanis (xortdan) and Tatars. The tradition shows that the walking-corpse panic of south-eastern Europe was shared across the religious frontier.12

Lluita-hi
Primer registre
1550
Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century
Origen
Turkish and wider Turkic
Turquia, Azerbaidjan
Què el causa
Mai explicat
The dead person does not stay dead; Ottoman usage often attributes this to the deceased having been a witch (cadı).
Com et converteixes en un
A corpse that fails to decay in the grave, often that of a reputed witch or sorcerer.
Intel·ligència
Una mica d'intel·ligència
Punts febles
  • a stake through the heart or body
  • burning
  • decapitation
  • quicklime poured on the corpse
  • throwing the body into a river

Quan va aparèixer per primer cop?

Món anticEdat mitjanaDe 1500 a 1899De 1900 a 1967De 1968 a 1999De 2000 a 2009De 2010 a avui1550

Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century

notes de camp

Què diuen les fonts

1

The name comes from the Turkish verb hortlamak, to come up out of the grave12

2

The traveller Evliya Çelebi defined obur as witches, sorcerers and those who rise from their graves12

3

Ottoman fatwas permitted exhuming and destroying corpses that returned to trouble the living12

4

Risen cadıs were blamed for throwing stones, moving objects and possessing animals12

5

In 1826 former Janissaries at Tırnova were publicly branded as risen dead, a case historians read as political12

Fonts

  1. Hortdan - Wikipedia
  2. Vampires in Turkish Culture - KÜRE Encyclopedia

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Folklore de les mateixes terres

MhachkayTatar and wider Turkic, 1833ÖrekTurkic (Tatar, Bashkir, Turkish, Azerbaijani)

Mateixa època: De 1500 a 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732
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