Nyongo working dead

També anomenat: nyongo, ekongi, kupe, Mount Kupe zombies

Folklore i miteMort viuBruixeriaDe 1900 a 1967

Nyongo is a Cameroonian witchcraft belief in which the newly rich are suspected of killing their kin by occult means and putting them to work as the living dead. The victims toil unseen on Mount Kupe, in Bakossi country, to build their owner's fortune. Anthropologists link the belief to colonial plantation agriculture and, later, to economic crisis. It is one of the best-studied African parallels to the Haitian zombi, and like it turns on the theft of a dead person's labour.1 2 3

Lluita-hi

Primer registre

1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

Origen

Cameroonian (Bakweri, Bakossi and neighbouring peoples)

Camerun

Què el causa

Bruixeria

Members of a secret witch society are believed to 'sell' relatives, who seem to die but are taken from the grave to work.

Com et converteixes en un

A nyongo member makes a relative appear to die, then removes the person from the grave.

Intel·ligència

Sense seny

Punts febles

witch-finding: villages paid the witch-hunter Obasi Njom to cleanse them
suspected members were beheaded or buried face down so they would not rise as ekongi

Quan va aparèixer per primer cop?

Món antic Edat mitjana De 1500 a 1899 De 1900 a 1967 De 1968 a 1999 De 2000 a 2009 De 2010 a avui

1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

notes de camp

Què diuen les fonts

The victims' labour is said to make their owner rich1 2 3

Dead rats were said to be laid under the 'corpse' to hasten the burial1 2 3

Tin roofs were taken as a sign of membership, which for a time discouraged people from building modern houses1 2 3

Children were warned not to pick up coins from the ground, which might be bait1 2 3

Accusations rose sharply after the economic crisis of the late 1980s1 2 3

A 1992 road accident that killed schoolchildren was blamed on a headmaster 'giving' them to the society1 2 3

Fonts

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Mateixa època: De 1900 a 1967

AmalanhigVisayan (Philippines), 1967

Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937