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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Ficha n.º 031 de 446

Lithuanian returning dead

Tamén chamado: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Folclore e mitoMorto viventeUnha mala morte ou un mal enterroIdade Media

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Á batalla!
Primeiro rexistro
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Orixe
Lithuanian
Lituania
Que o causa
Unha mala morte ou un mal enterro
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Como te convertes nun
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Intelixencia
Algo de intelixencia
Puntos débiles
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Cando apareceu por primeira vez?

Mundo antigoIdade MediaDe 1500 a 1899De 1900 a 1967De 1968 a 1999De 2000 a 2009De 2010 ata hoxe1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

notas de campo

O que din as fontes

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Fontes

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

Todos os datos desta páxina saen destas fontes, contados coas nosas palabras. Viches un erro? Avísanos en [email protected].

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Mesma época: Idade Media

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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