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Illustration of Nyongo working dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Fayiro Nnamba 072 ku 446

Nyongo working dead

Era ayitibwa: nyongo, ekongi, kupe, Mount Kupe zombies
Enfumo n'emboozi ez'eddaAbafu abalamuObulogo1900 okutuuka 1967

Nyongo is a Cameroonian witchcraft belief in which the newly rich are suspected of killing their kin by occult means and putting them to work as the living dead. The victims toil unseen on Mount Kupe, in Bakossi country, to build their owner's fortune. Anthropologists link the belief to colonial plantation agriculture and, later, to economic crisis. It is one of the best-studied African parallels to the Haitian zombi, and like it turns on the theft of a dead person's labour.123

Lwanyisa
Yasooka okuwandiikibwa
1950
Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s
Gy'ava
Cameroonian (Bakweri, Bakossi and neighbouring peoples)
Kameruuni
Ekikireeta
Obulogo
Members of a secret witch society are believed to 'sell' relatives, who seem to die but are taken from the grave to work.
Engeri omuntu gy'afuukamu omu ku bo
A nyongo member makes a relative appear to die, then removes the person from the grave.
Amagezi
Talina magezi
Ebifo ebinafu
  • witch-finding: villages paid the witch-hunter Obasi Njom to cleanse them
  • suspected members were beheaded or buried face down so they would not rise as ekongi

Yasooka ddi okulabika?

Ensi ey'eddaEmirembe egya wakati1500 okutuuka 18991900 okutuuka 19671968 okutuuka 19992000 okutuuka 20092010 okutuuka leero1950

Legends current from around the Second World War; first described by the anthropologist Edwin Ardener in the 1950s

ebiwandiiko by'omu nnimiro

Ensibuko bye zigamba

1

The victims' labour is said to make their owner rich123

2

Dead rats were said to be laid under the 'corpse' to hasten the burial123

3

Tin roofs were taken as a sign of membership, which for a time discouraged people from building modern houses123

4

Children were warned not to pick up coins from the ground, which might be bait123

5

Accusations rose sharply after the economic crisis of the late 1980s123

6

A 1992 road accident that killed schoolchildren was blamed on a headmaster 'giving' them to the society123

Ensibuko

  1. Nyongo society - Wikipedia
  2. Vivian Besem Ojong, 'The Working-Dead in Nyongo Occult Economy in Cameroonian Society', Journal of Dharma 37 (2012)
  3. Zombies - Encyclopedia.com

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Liisa ekibinja. Tewali birango, tewali bikulondoola, nga bisasulwa omuntu omu. Akasiimo kakikuuma ku yintaneti.Leka akasiimo

Omulembe gwe gumu: 1900 okutuuka 1967

AmalanhigVisayan (Philippines), 1967Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937
Liisa ekibinjaLeka akasiimo