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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
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Lithuanian returning dead

Познато и како: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Фолклор и митовиНемртвиЛоша смрт или погребСреден век

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Бори се со него
Прв запис
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Потекло
Lithuanian
Литванија
Што го предизвикува
Лоша смрт или погреб
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Како се станува зомби
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Интелигенција
Малку интелигенција
Слаби точки
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Кога се појави за прв пат?

Антички светСреден век1500 до 18991900 до 19671968 до 19992000 до 20092010 до денес1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

теренски белешки

Што велат изворите

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Извори

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

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Иста ера: Среден век

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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