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Illustration of Nachzehrer — Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.

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Nachzehrer

Rinonziwo: Nachtzehrer, shroud eater

Ngano nezvitendero zvekareVakafa vakamukaRinongofamba zvishoma kwazvoRufu rwakaipa kana kuvigwa kwakaipa1500 kusvika 1899

The Nachzehrer is the German shroud-eater, a corpse that kills without getting up. By chewing its grave clothes it was thought to drag its surviving relatives after it one by one, by malice or simply from wanting company. The belief gave communities a reason to open graves during outbreaks of disease and helped shape learned debate about the 'masticating dead' in the 18th century. It represents the stationary end of the revenant spectrum, where the corpse is dangerous but does not walk.1 2

Kutanga kunyorwa

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

Kwakabva

German

Germany, Poland

Chikonzero chacho

Rufu rwakaipa kana kuvigwa kwakaipa

Folk explanations blame mistakes at burial, such as giving the dead some of the living's own belongings.

Kuti munhu anova zombie sei

Burying a person with grave goods taken from the living, or with their name still on the burial clothes, was thought to risk it.

Mafambiro aro

Rinongofamba zvishoma kwazvo

It need not leave the grave at all: lying there, it chews its shroud and draws the life out of its kin at a distance.

Njere

Njere shoma

Rakatanga kuoneka riini?

Nyika yekare Nguva dzepakati 1500 kusvika 1899 1900 kusvika 1967 1968 kusvika 1999 2000 kusvika 2009 2010 kusvika nhasi

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

zvinyorwa zvemumunda

Zvinotaurwa nezvinyorwa

1

The name means roughly 'after-devourer'1 2

2

It gnaws its own shroud and clothing, which was treated as the commonest sign1 2

3

Other signs on exhumation: open eyes or mouth, red lips, a soft body, a thumb clasped in the opposite hand1 2

4

Often, though not always, blamed for epidemics1 2

5

Belief centred on northern Germany, with reports from Silesia and Bavaria1 2

6

Michael Ranft devoted a 1734 treatise to the 'chewing and smacking of the dead in their graves'1 2

Zvinyorwa

Chokwadi chese chiri papeji iyi chinobva muzvinyorwa izvi, chakanyorwa nemazwi edu. Waona chikanganiso? Tiudze pa [email protected].

Fudza mhomho. Hapana zvishambadzo, hapana zvinoteverera, inobhadharwa nemunhu mumwe chete. Chipo chemari chinoita kuti irambe iri paindaneti.Siya chipo chemari

Ngano dzekunyika dzimwe chete

StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863

UpiórSlavic, 1100

Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650

Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591

WiedergängerGerman

AufhockerGerman

Nguva imwe chete: 1500 kusvika 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

Fudza mhomhoSiya chipo chemari