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Illustration of Hortlak
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
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Hortlak

Era ayitibwa: hortdan, xortdan, cadı, obur
Enfumo n'emboozi ez'eddaAbafu abalamu1500 okutuuka 1899

Hortlak is the everyday Turkish word for a dead person who climbs back out of the grave. Ottoman judges and muftis were asked to rule on such cases from at least the 16th century and authorised staking or burning the bodies, much as Christian authorities did in the Balkans. Related figures appear among the Azerbaijanis (xortdan) and Tatars. The tradition shows that the walking-corpse panic of south-eastern Europe was shared across the religious frontier.12

Lwanyisa
Yasooka okuwandiikibwa
1550
Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century
Gy'ava
Turkish and wider Turkic
Ttake, Azerubayijaani
Ekikireeta
Tekyannyonnyolwa
The dead person does not stay dead; Ottoman usage often attributes this to the deceased having been a witch (cadı).
Engeri omuntu gy'afuukamu omu ku bo
A corpse that fails to decay in the grave, often that of a reputed witch or sorcerer.
Amagezi
Amagezi matono
Ebifo ebinafu
  • a stake through the heart or body
  • burning
  • decapitation
  • quicklime poured on the corpse
  • throwing the body into a river

Yasooka ddi okulabika?

Ensi ey'eddaEmirembe egya wakati1500 okutuuka 18991900 okutuuka 19671968 okutuuka 19992000 okutuuka 20092010 okutuuka leero1550

Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century

ebiwandiiko by'omu nnimiro

Ensibuko bye zigamba

1

The name comes from the Turkish verb hortlamak, to come up out of the grave12

2

The traveller Evliya Çelebi defined obur as witches, sorcerers and those who rise from their graves12

3

Ottoman fatwas permitted exhuming and destroying corpses that returned to trouble the living12

4

Risen cadıs were blamed for throwing stones, moving objects and possessing animals12

5

In 1826 former Janissaries at Tırnova were publicly branded as risen dead, a case historians read as political12

Ensibuko

  1. Hortdan - Wikipedia
  2. Vampires in Turkish Culture - KÜRE Encyclopedia

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MhachkayTatar and wider Turkic, 1833ÖrekTurkic (Tatar, Bashkir, Turkish, Azerbaijani)

Omulembe gwe gumu: 1500 okutuuka 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732
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