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Illustration of Umkhovu
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Galmee Lak. 057, 446 keessaa

Umkhovu

Maqaa biraa: imikhovu, esemkofu, esimkovu
Seenaa aadaa fi afoolaDu'aa ka'eFalfala1500 hanga 1899

The umkhovu is the Zulu form of the witch's zombie: a body taken from the grave, revived by magic and kept as a familiar. Its tongue is removed so that it cannot speak. Colonial-era writers recorded the belief in the 1870s, half a century before The Magic Island popularised the Haitian zombi. It belongs to the same family as the zombie beliefs reported from South Africa in the late 20th century.1

Lolsiisi
Yeroo jalqabaaf kan galmeeffame
1875
Described in D. Leslie's Among the Zulus (1875)
Ka'umsa
Zulu
Afrikaa Kibbaa
Maaltu isa fida
Falfala
A witch or wizard digs up a corpse and brings it back to life as a familiar.
Akkamitti isa taata
A dead person exhumed and revived by a witch.
Beekumsa
Sammuu malee

Yoom jalqaba mul'ate?

Addunyaa duriiJaarraa Gidduugaleessaa1500 hanga 18991900 hanga 19671968 hanga 19992000 hanga 20092010 hanga har'aa1875

Described in D. Leslie's Among the Zulus (1875)

yaadannoo dirree

Maddoonni maal jedhu

1

The Zulu word means an exhumed corpse revived as a witch's servant1

2

The witch cuts out its tongue, so that it can only make a wailing sound1

3

English writers of the 19th century rendered the plural as 'Esemkofu'1

4

H. Rider Haggard used them in his Zulu novel Nada (1895), haunting a 'Ghost Mountain'1

5

The Dictionary of South African English records the term from 1875 to 19251

Maddoota

  1. Esemkofu - Dictionary of South African English

Dhugaan fuula kana irra jiru hundi maddoota kana irraa dhufe, jechoota keenyaan barreeffame. Dogoggora argitee? [email protected] irratti nutti himi.

Tuuta nyaachisi. Beeksisa hin jiru, hordoftuun hin jiru, nama tokkoon kaffalama. Gumaachi toora irra akka turu godha.Gumaacha kenni

Seenaa aadaa biyyoota wal fakkaatan irraa

South African witchcraft zombieSouth African (Tsonga, Sotho, Venda)

Bara wal fakkaataa: 1500 hanga 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732
Tuuta nyaachisiGumaacha kenni