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Illustration of Nachzehrer — Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.

Dosiye No. 050 kuri 446

Nachzehrer

Yitwa kandi: Nachtzehrer, shroud eater

Imigani n'inkuru za keraAbapfuye bazimaNtinyeganyega hafiUrupfu rubi cyangwa gushyingurwa nabi1500 kugeza 1899

The Nachzehrer is the German shroud-eater, a corpse that kills without getting up. By chewing its grave clothes it was thought to drag its surviving relatives after it one by one, by malice or simply from wanting company. The belief gave communities a reason to open graves during outbreaks of disease and helped shape learned debate about the 'masticating dead' in the 18th century. It represents the stationary end of the revenant spectrum, where the corpse is dangerous but does not walk.1 2

Bashyire ku murwano

Yanditswe bwa mbere

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

Inkomoko

German

Ubudage, Polonye

Icyayiteye

Urupfu rubi cyangwa gushyingurwa nabi

Folk explanations blame mistakes at burial, such as giving the dead some of the living's own belongings.

Uko umuntu ahinduka zombi

Burying a person with grave goods taken from the living, or with their name still on the burial clothes, was thought to risk it.

Uko igenda

Ntinyeganyega hafi

It need not leave the grave at all: lying there, it chews its shroud and draws the life out of its kin at a distance.

Ubwenge

Ifite ubwenge buke

Yagaragaye bwa mbere ryari?

Isi ya kera Ibihe byo hagati 1500 kugeza 1899 1900 kugeza 1967 1968 kugeza 1999 2000 kugeza 2009 2010 kugeza ubu

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

inyandiko zo ku kibuga

Ibyo amasoko avuga

1

The name means roughly 'after-devourer'1 2

2

It gnaws its own shroud and clothing, which was treated as the commonest sign1 2

3

Other signs on exhumation: open eyes or mouth, red lips, a soft body, a thumb clasped in the opposite hand1 2

4

Often, though not always, blamed for epidemics1 2

5

Belief centred on northern Germany, with reports from Silesia and Bavaria1 2

6

Michael Ranft devoted a 1734 treatise to the 'chewing and smacking of the dead in their graves'1 2

Amasoko

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Gaburira igikundi. Nta matangazo, nta bikurikirana, byishyurwa n'umuntu umwe. Agashimwe gatuma bikomeza kuboneka kuri interineti.Tanga agashimwe

Imigani yo mu bihugu bimwe

StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863

UpiórSlavic, 1100

Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650

Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591

WiedergängerGerman

AufhockerGerman

Ibihe bimwe: 1500 kugeza 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

Gaburira igikundiTanga agashimwe