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Illustration of Kodukäija
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
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Kodukäija

E boetse e bitswa: kodukäijad, home-wanderer, Estonian revenant
Ditshomo le dinonwaneBafu ba tsohilengE a fapanaLefu le lebe kapa lepato le lebe1500 ho isa 1899

The kodukäija is the restless dead of Estonian folk belief, a deceased person who returns to the farm outside the sanctioned autumn 'time of souls'. It ranges from a worried parent checking on children to a hostile corpse that wrestles travellers by moonlight and kills livestock. Estonian funerals carried a whole apparatus against it, from sweeping away the mourners' footprints to burying the body face down. It is the Baltic-Finnic counterpart of the Scandinavian gjenganger and the German Wiedergänger, and it remained a living belief into the 20th century.12

Di lwantshe
E ngotswe ka lekgetlo la pele
1860
Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older
Tshimoloho
Estonian
Estonia
Se e bakang
Lefu le lebe kapa lepato le lebe
Folklorist Eha Viluoja traces most returns to a flaw in the passage out of life: a violent or lonely death, a botched or missing funeral, or the dead person's last wishes being ignored.
Kamoo o fetohang e nngwe ya tsona kateng
Spiteful people, suspected witches, misers, the murdered, and anyone buried carelessly or mourned too hard were expected to 'walk home'.
Kamoo e tsamayang kateng
E a fapana
Usually walks, with a normal or a bobbing gait, in its own likeness or grave clothes; it can also come as a dog, cat or other animal, or as a moving haystack, sack or whirlwind.
Bohlale
Bohlale bo itseng
Dintlha tse fokolang
  • wolves, which were held to be as deadly to it as lightning
  • a beating with a rowan or juniper stick or a nine-knotted whip
  • a silver bullet or quicksilver
  • crosses, knives, salt or flax seed at thresholds and gates
  • binding or crippling the corpse, or burying it face down
  • a cock's crow, which halts it for the night

E hlahile neng ka lekgetlo la pele?

Lefatshe la boholoholoMehla e Bohareng1500 ho isa 18991900 ho isa 19671968 ho isa 19992000 ho isa 20092010 ho fihlela kajeno1860

Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older

dinoutu tsa patlisiso

Seo mehlodi e se buang

1

The name means 'home-walker': a dead person who comes home at the wrong time12

2

It is cold to the touch and can pinch, strike, scratch or try to strangle12

3

It lets cattle loose, rumbles in the loft and imitates the sounds of work12

4

Dogs with spots over the eyes ('four-eyed' dogs) can see it12

5

The Estonian Folklore Archives hold about 3,600 records of it, seven times more than for the ordinary autumn visit of ancestral souls12

6

Viluoja notes that blood-drinking, vampire-type dead are not part of the Estonian tradition12

Na o ka e phonyoha ka ho matha?

Sehlopha sa lebelo ho ya ka kamoo mehlodi e e hlalosang kateng (e a fapana), eseng tekanyo.

Wena, o tsamaya hoo e ka bang 5 km/h (3.1 mph)
Wena, o matha butle hoo e ka bang 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Kodukäija hoo e ka bang 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Motho e moholo ya matla a mathang ka lebelo le leholo hoo e ka bang 24 km/h (15 mph)
Mopalami wa baesekele ya lebelo hoo e ka bang 37 km/h (23 mph)

Mehlodi

  1. Eha Viluoja, 'Manifestations of the Revenant in Estonian Folk Tradition', Folklore 2
  2. Eha Viluoja, 'Relations Between the Living and the Dead in Estonian Folk Religion', Folklore 4

Ntlha e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e tswa mehloding ena, e ngotswe ka mantswe a rona. O bone phoso? Re bolelle ho [email protected].

Fepa letshwele. Ha ho dipapatso, ha ho disebedisi tsa ho latela, e lefellwa ke motho a le mong. Tjhelete ya teboho e e boloka inthaneteng.Fana ka tjhelete ya teboho

Mehla e tshwanang: 1500 ho isa 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732
Fepa letshweleFana ka tjhelete ya teboho