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Illustration of Hortlak
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Ifayile No. 033 kwa-446

Hortlak

Ikwabizwa ngokuba: hortdan, xortdan, cadı, obur
Iintsomi zemveli namabali amanduloIvuswe ekufeni1500 ukuya ku-1899

Hortlak is the everyday Turkish word for a dead person who climbs back out of the grave. Ottoman judges and muftis were asked to rule on such cases from at least the 16th century and authorised staking or burning the bodies, much as Christian authorities did in the Balkans. Related figures appear among the Azerbaijanis (xortdan) and Tatars. The tradition shows that the walking-corpse panic of south-eastern Europe was shared across the religious frontier.12

Yiphose edabini
Yabhalwa okokuqala
1550
Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century
Imvelaphi
Turkish and wider Turkic
ITurkey, IAzerbaijan
Oko kuyibangelayo
Ayizange icaciswe
The dead person does not stay dead; Ottoman usage often attributes this to the deceased having been a witch (cadı).
Indlela umntu aba yiyo ngayo
A corpse that fails to decay in the grave, often that of a reputed witch or sorcerer.
Ubukrelekrele
Ubukrelekrele obuthile
Iindawo ezibuthathaka
  • a stake through the heart or body
  • burning
  • decapitation
  • quicklime poured on the corpse
  • throwing the body into a river

Yavela nini okokuqala?

Ihlabathi lamanduloAmaxesha Aphakathi1500 ukuya ku-18991900 ukuya ku-19671968 ukuya ku-19992000 ukuya ku-20092010 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje1550

Cases involving hortlaks appear in Ottoman kadı court records from the mid-16th century

amanqaku ophando

Oko kuthethwa yimithombo

1

The name comes from the Turkish verb hortlamak, to come up out of the grave12

2

The traveller Evliya Çelebi defined obur as witches, sorcerers and those who rise from their graves12

3

Ottoman fatwas permitted exhuming and destroying corpses that returned to trouble the living12

4

Risen cadıs were blamed for throwing stones, moving objects and possessing animals12

5

In 1826 former Janissaries at Tırnova were publicly branded as risen dead, a case historians read as political12

Imithombo

  1. Hortdan - Wikipedia
  2. Vampires in Turkish Culture - KÜRE Encyclopedia

Yonke inyaniso ekweli phepha ivela kule mithombo, ibhalwe ngamazwi ethu. Ubone impazamo? Sixelele ku-[email protected].

Yondla umkhosi. Akukho zintengiso, akukho zilandeli, ihlawulelwa ngumntu omnye. Ithiphu iyigcina ikwi-intanethi.Shiya ithiphu

Iintsomi zemveli ezivela kumazwe afanayo

MhachkayTatar and wider Turkic, 1833ÖrekTurkic (Tatar, Bashkir, Turkish, Azerbaijani)

Ixesha elinye: 1500 ukuya ku-1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732
Yondla umkhosiShiya ithiphu