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Illustration of Nachzehrer — Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.

Faele ya 050 ho tse 446

Nachzehrer

E boetse e bitswa: Nachtzehrer, shroud eater

Ditshomo le dinonwaneBafu ba tsohilengE batla e sa sisinyeheLefu le lebe kapa lepato le lebe1500 ho isa 1899

The Nachzehrer is the German shroud-eater, a corpse that kills without getting up. By chewing its grave clothes it was thought to drag its surviving relatives after it one by one, by malice or simply from wanting company. The belief gave communities a reason to open graves during outbreaks of disease and helped shape learned debate about the 'masticating dead' in the 18th century. It represents the stationary end of the revenant spectrum, where the corpse is dangerous but does not walk.1 2

E ngotswe ka lekgetlo la pele

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

Tshimoloho

German

Jeremane, Poland

Se e bakang

Lefu le lebe kapa lepato le lebe

Folk explanations blame mistakes at burial, such as giving the dead some of the living's own belongings.

Kamoo o fetohang e nngwe ya tsona kateng

Burying a person with grave goods taken from the living, or with their name still on the burial clothes, was thought to risk it.

Kamoo e tsamayang kateng

E batla e sa sisinyehe

It need not leave the grave at all: lying there, it chews its shroud and draws the life out of its kin at a distance.

Bohlale

Bohlale bo itseng

E hlahile neng ka lekgetlo la pele?

Lefatshe la boholoholo Mehla e Bohareng 1500 ho isa 1899 1900 ho isa 1967 1968 ho isa 1999 2000 ho isa 2009 2010 ho fihlela kajeno

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

dinoutu tsa patlisiso

Seo mehlodi e se buang

1

The name means roughly 'after-devourer'1 2

2

It gnaws its own shroud and clothing, which was treated as the commonest sign1 2

3

Other signs on exhumation: open eyes or mouth, red lips, a soft body, a thumb clasped in the opposite hand1 2

4

Often, though not always, blamed for epidemics1 2

5

Belief centred on northern Germany, with reports from Silesia and Bavaria1 2

6

Michael Ranft devoted a 1734 treatise to the 'chewing and smacking of the dead in their graves'1 2

Mehlodi

Ntlha e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e tswa mehloding ena, e ngotswe ka mantswe a rona. O bone phoso? Re bolelle ho [email protected].

Fepa letshwele. Ha ho dipapatso, ha ho disebedisi tsa ho latela, e lefellwa ke motho a le mong. Tjhelete ya teboho e e boloka inthaneteng.Fana ka tjhelete ya teboho

Ditshomo tsa dinaha tseo

StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863

UpiórSlavic, 1100

Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650

Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591

WiedergängerGerman

AufhockerGerman

Mehla e tshwanang: 1500 ho isa 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

Fepa letshweleFana ka tjhelete ya teboho