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Zombi (Haitian)

Ñu ngi koy wooye itam: zonbi, zombie, zombi corps cadavre

Léeb ak cosaanNéew yu dundaatDafay doxantuLiggéeyu dëmm1500 ba 1899

The zombi of Haitian folklore is a dead or seemingly dead person taken from the grave by a sorcerer and kept as a slave without will. The word comes from Central African languages, and the belief was shaped by the plantation slavery of colonial Haiti, where death was supposed to be the one escape from forced labour. Researchers have proposed drugs, mental illness and mistaken identity to explain reported cases, and none of these accounts is settled. This figure, a body that works and obeys but is no longer a person, is the origin of the word and the concept behind every later zombie.1 2

Xeexal ko

Jëkk a bindu

1750

The word is first recorded in English in the 18th century; the belief took shape in colonial Saint-Domingue under slavery

Cosaan

Haitian (Vodou folklore)

Ayiti

Lan moo ko waral

Liggéeyu dëmm

A sorcerer (bokor) either raises a buried body by necromancy or captures the part of the soul that carries will and memory, leaving a controllable shell.

Naka ngay doone benn

A bokor makes the victim appear to die, takes the body from the grave at night and holds its ti bon anj, the seat of will and personality.

Naka lay yëngoo

Dafay doxantu

Described as walking in a shambling, detached way with the head lowered and a fixed stare.

Xel

Amul xel

Fi mu néewe doole

salt or salt water, which is said to wake it or release it
preventive burial: laying the corpse face down, filling the mouth with earth or sewing the lips shut
sesame seeds scattered on the grave to keep the spirit counting

Kañ la jëkk a feeñ?

Àddina su yàgg Diggu jamono 1500 ba 1899 1900 ba 1967 1968 ba 1999 2000 ba 2009 2010 ba tey

1750

The word is first recorded in English in the 18th century; the belief took shape in colonial Saint-Domingue under slavery

notu gëstu

Li sours yi wax

It has no will, memory or emotion and exists to work: in fields, or hired out to others1 2

Vodou priests (houngan and mambo) are held to oppose the bokor, who 'serves with both hands'1 2

A second kind, the zombi astral, is a captured soul without a body, kept in a bottle1 2

Haitians recognise a zombi by its nasal voice, fixed stare, lowered head and repetitive, purposeless movements1 2

The tradition expresses a fear of becoming a zombi, a slave even after death, more than a fear of zombis themselves1 2

William Seabrook's The Magic Island (1929) carried the idea to American readers and influenced the film White Zombie (1932)1 2

Ndax mën nga ko raw ci daw?

Gaawaay bi jóge ci ni sours yi ko melale (dafay doxantu), du natt.

Zombi (Haitian) lu tollu ci 3 km/h (1.9 mph)

Yow, ci dox lu tollu ci 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

Yow, ci daw ndànk lu tollu ci 10 km/h (6.2 mph)

Mag bu am doole buy daw lu gaaw lool lu tollu ci 24 km/h (15 mph)

Ku gaaw ci welo lu tollu ci 37 km/h (23 mph)

Sours yi

Xibaar bu nekk ci xët wii jóge na ci sours yii, te nu bind ko ak sunu kàddu. Gis nga njuumte? Wax nu ko ci [email protected].

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Léeb yu jóge ci réew yu benn

Clairvius NarcisseHaitian, 1980

Felicia Felix-MentorHaitian, 1937

The Lancet zombi cases (FI, WD and MM)Haitian, 1997

Benn jamono: 1500 ba 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

ChurelSouth Asian, 1880