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Illustration of Revenant (medieval England)
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
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Revenant (medieval England)

Ñu ngi koy wooye itam: revenant, walking dead
Léeb ak cosaanNéew yu dundaatDafay soppikuDee wu bon walla suul gu baaxulDiggu jamono

Twelfth-century English chroniclers, among them Geoffrey of Burton, Walter Map and William of Newburgh, record a cluster of cases in which a buried corpse walked at night and brought death to its neighbours. The stories are told as recent local news, with named bishops and archdeacons called in to rule on them. The remedies, digging up the body and beheading, burning or absolving it, are the same ones later used against vampires in central Europe. Scholars read these revenants as the product of a failed death, a person stuck between the living and the dead who has to be forcibly moved on.12

Xeexal ko
Jëkk a bindu
1100
Geoffrey of Burton's account of events around 1090, written in the early 12th century
Cosaan
Medieval English
Àngalteer
Lan moo ko waral
Dee wu bon walla suul gu baaxul
Clerical writers tie the return to a 'bad death': a sinful or excommunicate life, or dying suddenly without confession and last rites.
Naka ngay doone benn
A person of bad reputation dies unshriven or excommunicate and is buried, but the body does not stay down.
Naka lay yëngoo
Dafay soppiku
The corpse leaves its grave at night, roams streets and houses, often with dogs barking after it, and is back in the tomb by dawn.
Xel
Am na tuuti xel
Fi mu néewe doole
  • decapitation
  • removing and burning the heart
  • dismembering and cremating the body
  • a bishop's written absolution laid on the corpse
  • holy water

Kañ la jëkk a feeñ?

Àddina su yàggDiggu jamono1500 ba 18991900 ba 19671968 ba 19992000 ba 20092010 ba tey1100

Geoffrey of Burton's account of events around 1090, written in the early 12th century

notu gëstu

Li sours yi wax

1

The chroniclers describe intact, sometimes blood-filled bodies, not apparitions12

2

Its presence corrupts the air and is blamed for epidemics12

3

William of Newburgh thought the cases were a recent phenomenon and too numerous to list12

4

Bishops disagreed over the cure: Hugh of Lincoln preferred absolution to burning12

5

Later accounts, such as a Clydesdale case in the Lanercost chronicle, show the belief persisting unevenly12

Ndax mën nga ko raw ci daw?

Gaawaay bi jóge ci ni sours yi ko melale (dafay soppiku), du natt.

Yow, ci dox lu tollu ci 5 km/h (3.1 mph)
Yow, ci daw ndànk lu tollu ci 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Revenant (medieval England) lu tollu ci 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Mag bu am doole buy daw lu gaaw lool lu tollu ci 24 km/h (15 mph)
Ku gaaw ci welo lu tollu ci 37 km/h (23 mph)

Sours yi

  1. Revenant - Wikipedia
  2. Elif Boyacıoğlu, 'The Revenant on the Threshold', Folklore 62 (2015)

Xibaar bu nekk ci xët wii jóge na ci sours yii, te nu bind ko ak sunu kàddu. Gis nga njuumte? Wax nu ko ci [email protected].

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Léeb yu jóge ci réew yu benn

AbhartachIrish, 1870Berwick revenantMedieval English / Scottish borders, 1198Buckinghamshire revenantMedieval English, 1198Byland Abbey revenantsMedieval English, 1400Drakelow revenantsMedieval English, 1090HaugbúiNorse, 1250

Benn jamono: Diggu jamono

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200HrapprNorse (Icelandic saga), 1245
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