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Illustration of Revenant (medieval England)
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Ifayile No. 011 kwa-446

Revenant (medieval England)

Ikwabizwa ngokuba: revenant, walking dead
Iintsomi zemveli namabali amanduloIvuswe ekufeniIyahlukaUkufa okubi okanye ukungcwatywa kakubiAmaxesha Aphakathi

Twelfth-century English chroniclers, among them Geoffrey of Burton, Walter Map and William of Newburgh, record a cluster of cases in which a buried corpse walked at night and brought death to its neighbours. The stories are told as recent local news, with named bishops and archdeacons called in to rule on them. The remedies, digging up the body and beheading, burning or absolving it, are the same ones later used against vampires in central Europe. Scholars read these revenants as the product of a failed death, a person stuck between the living and the dead who has to be forcibly moved on.12

Yiphose edabini
Yabhalwa okokuqala
1100
Geoffrey of Burton's account of events around 1090, written in the early 12th century
Imvelaphi
Medieval English
IUnited Kingdom
Oko kuyibangelayo
Ukufa okubi okanye ukungcwatywa kakubi
Clerical writers tie the return to a 'bad death': a sinful or excommunicate life, or dying suddenly without confession and last rites.
Indlela umntu aba yiyo ngayo
A person of bad reputation dies unshriven or excommunicate and is buried, but the body does not stay down.
Indlela ehamba ngayo
Iyahluka
The corpse leaves its grave at night, roams streets and houses, often with dogs barking after it, and is back in the tomb by dawn.
Ubukrelekrele
Ubukrelekrele obuthile
Iindawo ezibuthathaka
  • decapitation
  • removing and burning the heart
  • dismembering and cremating the body
  • a bishop's written absolution laid on the corpse
  • holy water

Yavela nini okokuqala?

Ihlabathi lamanduloAmaxesha Aphakathi1500 ukuya ku-18991900 ukuya ku-19671968 ukuya ku-19992000 ukuya ku-20092010 ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje1100

Geoffrey of Burton's account of events around 1090, written in the early 12th century

amanqaku ophando

Oko kuthethwa yimithombo

1

The chroniclers describe intact, sometimes blood-filled bodies, not apparitions12

2

Its presence corrupts the air and is blamed for epidemics12

3

William of Newburgh thought the cases were a recent phenomenon and too numerous to list12

4

Bishops disagreed over the cure: Hugh of Lincoln preferred absolution to burning12

5

Later accounts, such as a Clydesdale case in the Lanercost chronicle, show the belief persisting unevenly12

Ungayigqitha ngokubaleka?

Udidi lwesantya ngokwendlela imithombo eyichaza ngayo (iyahluka), asingomlinganiselo.

Wena, uhamba malunga ne-5 km/h (3.1 mph)
Wena, ujoga malunga ne-10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Revenant (medieval England) malunga ne-10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Umntu omdala osempilweni ebaleka ngamandla malunga ne-24 km/h (15 mph)
Umkhweli webhayisikile okhawulezayo malunga ne-37 km/h (23 mph)

Imithombo

  1. Revenant - Wikipedia
  2. Elif Boyacıoğlu, 'The Revenant on the Threshold', Folklore 62 (2015)

Yonke inyaniso ekweli phepha ivela kule mithombo, ibhalwe ngamazwi ethu. Ubone impazamo? Sixelele ku-[email protected].

Yondla umkhosi. Akukho zintengiso, akukho zilandeli, ihlawulelwa ngumntu omnye. Ithiphu iyigcina ikwi-intanethi.Shiya ithiphu

Iintsomi zemveli ezivela kumazwe afanayo

AbhartachIrish, 1870Berwick revenantMedieval English / Scottish borders, 1198Buckinghamshire revenantMedieval English, 1198Byland Abbey revenantsMedieval English, 1400Drakelow revenantsMedieval English, 1090HaugbúiNorse, 1250

Ixesha elinye: Amaxesha Aphakathi

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200HrapprNorse (Icelandic saga), 1245
Yondla umkhosiShiya ithiphu