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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
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Lithuanian returning dead

Beste izen batzuk: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Folklorea eta mitoaHil-biziakHeriotza edo ehorzketa txarraErdi Aroa

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Borrokan jarri
Lehen erregistroa
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Jatorria
Lithuanian
Lituania
Zerk eragiten duen
Heriotza edo ehorzketa txarra
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Nola bihurtzen zaren bat
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Adimena
Adimen pixka bat
Puntu ahulak
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Noiz agertu zen lehen aldiz?

AntzinaroaErdi Aroa1500etik 1899ra1900etik 1967ra1968tik 1999ra2000tik 2009ra2010etik gaur arte1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

landa-oharrak

Iturriek diotena

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Iturriak

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

Orri honetako datu guztiak iturri hauetatik datoz, gure hitzez idatzita. Akatsen bat ikusi duzu? Esaguzu helbide honetan: [email protected].

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Garai bera: Erdi Aroa

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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