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Illustration of Nachzehrer — Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.

Fayiro Nnamba 050 ku 446

Nachzehrer

Era ayitibwa: Nachtzehrer, shroud eater

Enfumo n'emboozi ez'eddaAbafu abalamuTatambula nnyoOkufa obubi oba okuziikibwa obubi1500 okutuuka 1899

The Nachzehrer is the German shroud-eater, a corpse that kills without getting up. By chewing its grave clothes it was thought to drag its surviving relatives after it one by one, by malice or simply from wanting company. The belief gave communities a reason to open graves during outbreaks of disease and helped shape learned debate about the 'masticating dead' in the 18th century. It represents the stationary end of the revenant spectrum, where the corpse is dangerous but does not walk.1 2

Yasooka okuwandiikibwa

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

Gy'ava

German

Budaaki, Polandi

Ekikireeta

Okufa obubi oba okuziikibwa obubi

Folk explanations blame mistakes at burial, such as giving the dead some of the living's own belongings.

Engeri omuntu gy'afuukamu omu ku bo

Burying a person with grave goods taken from the living, or with their name still on the burial clothes, was thought to risk it.

Engeri gy'atambulamu

Tatambula nnyo

It need not leave the grave at all: lying there, it chews its shroud and draws the life out of its kin at a distance.

Amagezi

Amagezi matono

Yasooka ddi okulabika?

Ensi ey'edda Emirembe egya wakati 1500 okutuuka 1899 1900 okutuuka 1967 1968 okutuuka 1999 2000 okutuuka 2009 2010 okutuuka leero

1800

The word dates from the 19th century; the belief is several centuries older

ebiwandiiko by'omu nnimiro

Ensibuko bye zigamba

1

The name means roughly 'after-devourer'1 2

2

It gnaws its own shroud and clothing, which was treated as the commonest sign1 2

3

Other signs on exhumation: open eyes or mouth, red lips, a soft body, a thumb clasped in the opposite hand1 2

4

Often, though not always, blamed for epidemics1 2

5

Belief centred on northern Germany, with reports from Silesia and Bavaria1 2

6

Michael Ranft devoted a 1734 treatise to the 'chewing and smacking of the dead in their graves'1 2

Ensibuko

Buli kintu ku lupapula luno kiva mu nsibuko zino, nga kiwandiikiddwa mu bigambo byaffe. Olabye ensobi? Tubuulire ku [email protected].

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Enfumo okuva mu nsi ze zimu

StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863

UpiórSlavic, 1100

Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650

Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591

WiedergängerGerman

AufhockerGerman

Omulembe gwe gumu: 1500 okutuuka 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789

Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750

StrigoiRomanian, 1714

Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725

AbhartachIrish, 1870

Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732

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