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Illustration of Upiór
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Upiór

Также известен как: upyr, upir, vupyr, wąpierz, upír
Фольклор и мифыНежитьПроклятиеСредневековье

Upiór is the Polish form of the old East and West Slavic name for a corpse that leaves its grave, a close relative of the word 'vampire'. In village belief it is less an aristocratic bloodsucker than a decaying neighbour who suffocates sleepers, kills livestock and sometimes just comes home to work. Apotropaic burials across Poland and Ukraine, with severed heads, nailed bodies and objects in the mouth, reflect the measures taken against it. It is the eastern European walking dead in its original, pre-literary form.12

Сразиться с ним
Первое упоминание
1100
The 'Word of Saint Grigoriy', dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, mentions offerings to upyri
Происхождение
Slavic
Польша, Украина, Беларусь, Россия
Что его вызывает
Проклятие
Sudden or cursed deaths, suicide, improper burial, an animal jumping over the corpse, or being killed by another upiór could all produce one.
Как им становятся
People marked as different in life, such as redheads, the left-handed, those born with teeth or of another faith, were suspected in advance; a second soul or heart was said to stay behind and move the body.
Интеллект
Немного ума
Слабые места
  • beheading, with the head placed between the legs
  • nailing the corpse to the coffin or burying it face down
  • burning
  • poppy seeds or knotted nets in the grave to keep it occupied
  • hawthorn, blackthorn or wild rose in the coffin
  • cockcrow

Когда он впервые появился?

Древний мирСредневековье1500–18991900–19671968–19992000–20092010 – наше время1100

The 'Word of Saint Grigoriy', dated between the 11th and 13th centuries, mentions offerings to upyri

полевые заметки

Что говорят источники

1

Often described as having two hearts and two souls12

2

Tears victims apart with great strength, drinks blood and can kill with its breath or scream12

3

Dead spouses were said to come home and carry on with their old household chores12

4

Signs in the corpse: no rigor mortis, a flushed face, blood under the nails12

5

Caught out at dawn, it turns into black tar12

6

Human and cattle plagues were blamed on it, and suspected graves were opened12

Источники

  1. Upi%C3%B3r - Wikipedia
  2. Vampire folklore by region - Wikipedia

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Фольклор из тех же земель

NachzehrerGerman, 1800StrzygaPolish and Silesian, 1863Johannes CuntiusSilesian (German), 1582Pień padlocked burialPolish, 1650Shoemaker of BreslauSilesian (German), 1591Zalozhnye pokoinikiEast Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian)

Та же эпоха: Средневековье

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200Berwick revenantMedieval English / Scottish borders, 1198
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