South African witchcraft zombie

Tinatawag ding: xidachane, maduxwane, witch-train zombies

In parts of South Africa, witchcraft belief includes people turned into zombies to labour for a witch. The victims are thought of as the stolen dead: small, mute and put to work at night. Stories of 'witch trains' staffed by zombies spread once railways began carrying migrant workers to the mines and cities. Scholars treat the belief as a commentary on labour exploitation, which is the same anxiety that produced the Haitian zombi.1 2

Labanan ito

Pinagmulan

South African (Tsonga, Sotho, Venda)

South Africa

Ano ang sanhi

Kulam

A witch kills the victim, or makes them seem to die, and takes control of the body for forced labour.

Paano ka magiging isa

A witch's spell; in some accounts even a small child can zombify a dead person.

Talino

Walang utak

Mga kahinaan

a sufficiently powerful sangoma (traditional healer) can break the spell

mga tala sa field

Ano ang sabi ng mga pinagmulan

Called xidachane in Sotho and Tsonga and maduxwane in Venda1 2

Imagined as shrunken in size, with the tongue cut out so that it cannot speak or protest1 2

Witch trains, ordinary-looking trains crewed by zombies, were said to abduct people at night1 2

Passengers were either zombified or beaten and thrown off far from home1 2

Anthropologist Isak Niehaus reads the belief as a picture of migrant labour and domination1 2

Mga pinagmulan

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Mga alamat mula sa iisang lupain

UmkhovuZulu, 1875

Mga katulad nito

GhoulArabic

PocongJavanese / Indonesian and Malay

Ro-langsTibetan

ToyolMalay and Indonesian

Xiangxi walking corpsesChinese (western Hunan; attributed to Miao sorcery)

CondenadoAndean (Peru and Bolivia)