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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
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Lithuanian returning dead

Také zvaný: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Folklór a mýtyNemrtvýŠpatná smrt nebo špatný pohřebStředověk

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Postavit se mu
První záznam
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Původ
Lithuanian
Litva
Co ho způsobuje
Špatná smrt nebo špatný pohřeb
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Jak se jím stanete
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Inteligence
Trocha inteligence
Slabá místa
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Kdy se poprvé objevil?

StarověkStředověkOd 1500 do 1899Od 1900 do 1967Od 1968 do 1999Od 2000 do 2009Od 2010 do dneška1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

terénní poznámky

Co říkají zdroje

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Zdroje

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

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