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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
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Lithuanian returning dead

Kallas även: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Folktro och myterOdödEn dålig död eller begravningMedeltiden

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Slåss mot den
Först belagd
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Ursprung
Lithuanian
Litauen
Vad som orsakar det
En dålig död eller begravning
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Hur man blir en
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Intelligens
Viss intelligens
Svaga punkter
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

När dök den upp första gången?

AntikenMedeltiden1500 till 18991900 till 19671968 till 19992000 till 20092010 till idag1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

fältanteckningar

Vad källorna säger

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Källor

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

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Samma epok: Medeltiden

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