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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Skrá nr. 031 af 446

Lithuanian returning dead

Einnig kallaður: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Þjóðtrú og goðsagnirÓdauðurSlæmur dauðdagi eða greftrunMiðaldir

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Berjast við hann
Fyrst skráður
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Uppruni
Lithuanian
Litáen
Hvað veldur því
Slæmur dauðdagi eða greftrun
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Hvernig maður verður einn
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Greind
Nokkur greind
Veikir blettir
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Hvenær kom hann fyrst fram?

FornöldMiðaldir1500 til 18991900 til 19671968 til 19992000 til 20092010 til dagsins í dag1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

vettvangsglósur

Hvað heimildir segja

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Heimildir

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

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Sama tímabil: Miðaldir

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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