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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Fayl No. 031 diga 446

Lithuanian returning dead

Wi'aama fahin: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Haala e tuugnorgalMaayɓe yaaɗooɓeMaayo bonngo walla suuɗaago bonngoJamaanu Hakkunde

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Haɓdu e mo
Artii winndaago
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Ƴiiɗal
Lithuanian
Litwani
Ko waɗi ɗum
Maayo bonngo walla suuɗaago bonngo
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
No a wonata gooto
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Hakkiilo
Woodi seyo hakkiilo
Ñaawooje
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Ndey ɗum artii hollugo?

Aduna ɓiɗɗo
Jamaanu Hakkunde
1500 haa 1899
1900 haa 1967
1968 haa 1999
2000 haa 2009
2010 haa ñalnde hannde
1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

winndaa ɗo nokku

Ko sorsi ɗin mbi'i

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Sorsi

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

Ko fuu e sondol ɗoo ƴiiɗi diga sorsi ɗin, winndaama e kuuɗe amen. A yi'i juumre? Haala min e [email protected].

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Jamaanu gooto: Jamaanu Hakkunde

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200