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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
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Lithuanian returning dead

También llamado: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Folclore y mitosNo muertoUna mala muerte o un entierro chapuceroEdad Media

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Combatirlo
Primer registro
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Origen
Lithuanian
Lituania
Qué lo causa
Una mala muerte o un entierro chapucero
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Cómo te conviertes en uno
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Inteligencia
Algo de inteligencia
Puntos débiles
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

¿Cuándo apareció por primera vez?

Mundo antiguoEdad MediaDe 1500 a 1899De 1900 a 1967De 1968 a 1999De 2000 a 2009De 2010 a hoy1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

notas de campo

Qué dicen las fuentes

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Fuentes

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

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Misma época: Edad Media

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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