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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Faili Na. 031 kati ya 446

Lithuanian returning dead

Pia huitwa: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Ngano na hadithi za kaleWafuKifo au maziko mabayaZama za Kati

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Pambana nao
Ilirekodiwa kwanza
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Asili
Lithuanian
Lithuania
Nini husababisha
Kifo au maziko mabaya
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Jinsi unavyokuwa mmoja
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Akili
Akili kiasi
Sehemu dhaifu
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Ilionekana lini kwanza?

Dunia ya kaleZama za Kati1500 hadi 18991900 hadi 19671968 hadi 19992000 hadi 20092010 hadi leo1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

maelezo ya uwandani

Vyanzo vinasema nini

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Vyanzo

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu unatoka kwenye vyanzo hivi, umeandikwa kwa maneno yetu wenyewe. Umeona kosa? Tuambie kupitia [email protected].

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Enzi hiyo hiyo: Zama za Kati

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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