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Illustration of Lithuanian returning dead
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Lithuanian returning dead

Detto anche: sugrįžtantys numirėliai, numirėlis, walking dead of Lithuania
Folklore e mitiNon mortoUna brutta morte o una sepoltura sbrigativaMedioevo

Lithuania kept a strong tradition of the dangerous dead long after its conversion to Christianity. Cemeteries of the 14th to 17th centuries contain bodies deliberately beheaded, dismembered or turned face down, which archaeologists connect with fear of corpses returning. Lithuanian legends collected in modern times still describe meetings with the 'walking dead', usually brought on by disrespect for a grave. The material and the stories together give a Baltic counterpart to the revenant evidence from England and Poland.12

Combatterlo
Prima attestazione
1350
Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists
Origine
Lithuanian
Lituania
Cosa lo causa
Una brutta morte o una sepoltura sbrigativa
Folklore names the untimely dead and the very sinful as those who return; the legends add that the living provoke them by disturbing remains or grave goods.
Come lo si diventa
An unexpected or wrongful death, a sinful life, or interference with the grave.
Intelligenza
Un po' di intelligenza
Punti deboli
  • decapitation of the exhumed corpse
  • burial face down or on the side
  • physical force
  • the intervention of a priest

Quando è comparso per la prima volta?

Mondo anticoMedioevoDal 1500 al 1899Dal 1900 al 1967Dal 1968 al 1999Dal 2000 al 2009Dal 2010 a oggi1350

Deviant burials of the 14th-17th centuries; legends recorded by modern folklorists

appunti sul campo

Cosa dicono le fonti

1

Archaeologist Gintautas Vėlius documented headless, limbless and prone burials in Christian-era Lithuanian cemeteries12

2

He interprets posthumous beheading as exhumation carried out from fear of the returning dead12

3

Many prone male burials contain weapons, suggesting men killed in battle12

4

In legends analysed by Edita Korzonaitė, short tales end with the living person's death and longer ones with a narrow escape12

5

Priests in the legends sometimes use methods with no obvious Christian basis12

Fonti

  1. Gintautas Vėlius, 'Sugrįžtantys numirėliai' (Returning dead: unconventional burials in medieval Lithuania), Lietuvos istorijos studijos 25 (2010)
  2. Edita Korzonaitė, 'Human contacts with the dead: relationship of fable and reality in folklore', Tautosakos darbai 25 (2003)

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Stessa epoca: Medioevo

DraugrNorse, 1250VetalaHindu (Indian), 1070GlámrNorse (Icelandic saga), 1300Revenant (medieval England)Medieval English, 1100UpiórSlavic, 1100AsvithNorse (Danish chronicle and Icelandic saga), 1200
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