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Illustration of Kodukäija
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
Dossier n° 054 sur 446

Kodukäija

Aussi appelé: kodukäijad, home-wanderer, Estonian revenant
Folklore et mythesMort-vivantVariableUne mauvaise mort ou un enterrement bâclé1500 à 1899

The kodukäija is the restless dead of Estonian folk belief, a deceased person who returns to the farm outside the sanctioned autumn 'time of souls'. It ranges from a worried parent checking on children to a hostile corpse that wrestles travellers by moonlight and kills livestock. Estonian funerals carried a whole apparatus against it, from sweeping away the mourners' footprints to burying the body face down. It is the Baltic-Finnic counterpart of the Scandinavian gjenganger and the German Wiedergänger, and it remained a living belief into the 20th century.12

L'affronter
Première mention
1860
Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older
Origine
Estonian
Estonie
Ce qui le provoque
Une mauvaise mort ou un enterrement bâclé
Folklorist Eha Viluoja traces most returns to a flaw in the passage out of life: a violent or lonely death, a botched or missing funeral, or the dead person's last wishes being ignored.
Comment on en devient un
Spiteful people, suspected witches, misers, the murdered, and anyone buried carelessly or mourned too hard were expected to 'walk home'.
Comment il se déplace
Variable
Usually walks, with a normal or a bobbing gait, in its own likeness or grave clothes; it can also come as a dog, cat or other animal, or as a moving haystack, sack or whirlwind.
Intelligence
Un peu d'intelligence
Points faibles
  • wolves, which were held to be as deadly to it as lightning
  • a beating with a rowan or juniper stick or a nine-knotted whip
  • a silver bullet or quicksilver
  • crosses, knives, salt or flax seed at thresholds and gates
  • binding or crippling the corpse, or burying it face down
  • a cock's crow, which halts it for the night

Quand est-il apparu pour la première fois ?

Monde antique
Moyen Âge
1500 à 1899
1900 à 1967
1968 à 1999
2000 à 2009
2010 à aujourd'hui
1860

Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older

notes de terrain

Ce que disent les sources

1

The name means 'home-walker': a dead person who comes home at the wrong time12

2

It is cold to the touch and can pinch, strike, scratch or try to strangle12

3

It lets cattle loose, rumbles in the loft and imitates the sounds of work12

4

Dogs with spots over the eyes ('four-eyed' dogs) can see it12

5

The Estonian Folklore Archives hold about 3,600 records of it, seven times more than for the ordinary autumn visit of ancestral souls12

6

Viluoja notes that blood-drinking, vampire-type dead are not part of the Estonian tradition12

Pourriez-vous le distancer ?

Classe de vitesse d'après la description des sources (variable), pas une mesure.

Vous, en marchant environ 5 km/h (3.1 mph)
Vous, en jogging environ 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Kodukäija environ 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Un adulte en forme qui sprinte environ 24 km/h (15 mph)
Un cycliste rapide environ 37 km/h (23 mph)

Sources

  1. Eha Viluoja, 'Manifestations of the Revenant in Estonian Folk Tradition', Folklore 2
  2. Eha Viluoja, 'Relations Between the Living and the Dead in Estonian Folk Religion', Folklore 4

Chaque fait de cette page provient de ces sources, reformulé dans nos propres mots. Une erreur ? Écrivez-nous à [email protected].

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Même époque : 1500 à 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732