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Illustration of Kodukäija
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Kodukäija

Nazývaný aj: kodukäijad, home-wanderer, Estonian revenant
Folklór a mýtyNemŕtvyRôzneZlá smrť alebo zlý pohrebOd 1500 do 1899

The kodukäija is the restless dead of Estonian folk belief, a deceased person who returns to the farm outside the sanctioned autumn 'time of souls'. It ranges from a worried parent checking on children to a hostile corpse that wrestles travellers by moonlight and kills livestock. Estonian funerals carried a whole apparatus against it, from sweeping away the mourners' footprints to burying the body face down. It is the Baltic-Finnic counterpart of the Scandinavian gjenganger and the German Wiedergänger, and it remained a living belief into the 20th century.12

Postaviť sa mu
Prvý záznam
1860
Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older
Pôvod
Estonian
Estónsko
Čo ho spôsobuje
Zlá smrť alebo zlý pohreb
Folklorist Eha Viluoja traces most returns to a flaw in the passage out of life: a violent or lonely death, a botched or missing funeral, or the dead person's last wishes being ignored.
Ako sa ním stanete
Spiteful people, suspected witches, misers, the murdered, and anyone buried carelessly or mourned too hard were expected to 'walk home'.
Ako sa pohybuje
Rôzne
Usually walks, with a normal or a bobbing gait, in its own likeness or grave clothes; it can also come as a dog, cat or other animal, or as a moving haystack, sack or whirlwind.
Inteligencia
Trocha inteligencie
Slabé miesta
  • wolves, which were held to be as deadly to it as lightning
  • a beating with a rowan or juniper stick or a nine-knotted whip
  • a silver bullet or quicksilver
  • crosses, knives, salt or flax seed at thresholds and gates
  • binding or crippling the corpse, or burying it face down
  • a cock's crow, which halts it for the night

Kedy sa prvýkrát objavil?

Staroveký svet
Stredovek
Od 1500 do 1899
Od 1900 do 1967
Od 1968 do 1999
Od 2000 do 2009
Od 2010 do dnes
1860

Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older

terénne poznámky

Čo hovoria zdroje

1

The name means 'home-walker': a dead person who comes home at the wrong time12

2

It is cold to the touch and can pinch, strike, scratch or try to strangle12

3

It lets cattle loose, rumbles in the loft and imitates the sounds of work12

4

Dogs with spots over the eyes ('four-eyed' dogs) can see it12

5

The Estonian Folklore Archives hold about 3,600 records of it, seven times more than for the ordinary autumn visit of ancestral souls12

6

Viluoja notes that blood-drinking, vampire-type dead are not part of the Estonian tradition12

Dokázali by ste mu ujsť?

Rýchlostná trieda podľa opisu v zdrojoch (rôzne), nie meranie.

Vy, pri chôdzi asi 5 km/h (3.1 mph)
Vy, pri behu asi 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Kodukäija asi 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Šprintujúci dospelý v kondícii asi 24 km/h (15 mph)
Rýchly cyklista asi 37 km/h (23 mph)

Zdroje

  1. Eha Viluoja, 'Manifestations of the Revenant in Estonian Folk Tradition', Folklore 2
  2. Eha Viluoja, 'Relations Between the Living and the Dead in Estonian Folk Religion', Folklore 4

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To isté obdobie: Od 1500 do 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732