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Illustration of Kodukäija
Original AI-made illustration based on the descriptions in the sources. Not an official design.
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Kodukäija

Akpọkwa ya: kodukäijad, home-wanderer, Estonian revenant
Akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ọdịnalaNwụrụ anwụDị iche icheỌnwụ ma ọ bụ olili ozu ọjọọ1500 ruo 1899

The kodukäija is the restless dead of Estonian folk belief, a deceased person who returns to the farm outside the sanctioned autumn 'time of souls'. It ranges from a worried parent checking on children to a hostile corpse that wrestles travellers by moonlight and kills livestock. Estonian funerals carried a whole apparatus against it, from sweeping away the mourners' footprints to burying the body face down. It is the Baltic-Finnic counterpart of the Scandinavian gjenganger and the German Wiedergänger, and it remained a living belief into the 20th century.12

Mee ha lụọ ọgụ
Mgbe e dere ya nke mbụ
1860
Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older
Mmalite
Estonian
Estonia
Ihe na-akpata ya
Ọnwụ ma ọ bụ olili ozu ọjọọ
Folklorist Eha Viluoja traces most returns to a flaw in the passage out of life: a violent or lonely death, a botched or missing funeral, or the dead person's last wishes being ignored.
Otu i si abụrụ otu
Spiteful people, suspected witches, misers, the murdered, and anyone buried carelessly or mourned too hard were expected to 'walk home'.
Otu o si agagharị
Dị iche iche
Usually walks, with a normal or a bobbing gait, in its own likeness or grave clothes; it can also come as a dog, cat or other animal, or as a moving haystack, sack or whirlwind.
Ọgụgụ isi
Ọgụgụ isi ụfọdụ
Ebe adịghị ike
  • wolves, which were held to be as deadly to it as lightning
  • a beating with a rowan or juniper stick or a nine-knotted whip
  • a silver bullet or quicksilver
  • crosses, knives, salt or flax seed at thresholds and gates
  • binding or crippling the corpse, or burying it face down
  • a cock's crow, which halts it for the night

Kedu mgbe ọ pụtara nke mbụ?

Ụwa oge ochie
Oge etiti
1500 ruo 1899
1900 ruo 1967
1968 ruo 1999
2000 ruo 2009
2010 ruo taa
1860

Systematic records begin with Jakob Hurt's folklore collection (1860-1906); the belief itself is older

ndetu ubi

Ihe isi mmalite na-ekwu

1

The name means 'home-walker': a dead person who comes home at the wrong time12

2

It is cold to the touch and can pinch, strike, scratch or try to strangle12

3

It lets cattle loose, rumbles in the loft and imitates the sounds of work12

4

Dogs with spots over the eyes ('four-eyed' dogs) can see it12

5

The Estonian Folklore Archives hold about 3,600 records of it, seven times more than for the ordinary autumn visit of ancestral souls12

6

Viluoja notes that blood-drinking, vampire-type dead are not part of the Estonian tradition12

Ị ga-agba ya ọsọ?

Klas ọsọ site n'otu isi mmalite si kọwaa (dị iche iche), ọ bụghị nha.

Gị, na-eje ije ihe dị ka 5 km/h (3.1 mph)
Gị, na-agba ọsọ ntakịrị ihe dị ka 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Kodukäija ihe dị ka 10 km/h (6.2 mph)
Okenye siri ike na-agba ọsọ ihe dị ka 24 km/h (15 mph)
Onye na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè ọsọ ihe dị ka 37 km/h (23 mph)

Isi mmalite

  1. Eha Viluoja, 'Manifestations of the Revenant in Estonian Folk Tradition', Folklore 2
  2. Eha Viluoja, 'Relations Between the Living and the Dead in Estonian Folk Religion', Folklore 4

Eziokwu ọbụla n'ibe a si na isi mmalite ndị a, e dere ya n'okwu anyị. Ị hụrụ njehie? Gwa anyị na [email protected].

Otu oge: 1500 ruo 1899

JiangshiChinese, 1789Zombi (Haitian)Haitian (Vodou folklore), 1750StrigoiRomanian, 1714Vampir (South Slavic)South Slavic (Serbian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Bosnian), 1725AbhartachIrish, 1870Arnold PaoleSerbian, 1732